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- BOOKS, Page 62Battling the Myths and DogmaBy Paul Gray
-
-
- FROM BEIRUT TO JERUSALEM
- by Thomas L. Friedman
- Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 525 pages; $22.95
-
- Ten years as a journalist in Lebanon and Israel taught Thomas
- L. Friedman two important lessons. "First, when it comes to
- discussing the Middle East, people go temporarily insane, so if you
- are planning to talk to an audience of more than two, you'd better
- have mastered the subject. Second, a Jew who wants to make a career
- working in or studying about the Middle East will always be a
- lonely man: he will never be fully accepted or trusted by the
- Arabs, and he will never be fully accepted or trusted by the Jews."
-
- That last clause will raise some eyebrows and hackles, but
- Friedman, who has mastered his subject, fully documents its
- accuracy. During most of the 1980s he covered the Middle East for
- the New York Times, initially as bureau chief in Beirut and then
- in the same post in Jerusalem. In Lebanon, Friedman was "the only
- full-time American Jewish reporter." In Israel he was not. Solitude
- had its comforts, he found. "People assumed that if you were in
- Beirut you couldn't possibly be Jewish," he writes. "After all,
- what Jew in his right mind would come to Beirut?" But members of
- his faith knew what Friedman was, and some were quick to interpret
- fact finding as heresy or treason. Why? The author answers, "I had
- helped to inform the Jews of New York City of the less-than-heroic
- behavior of the Israeli army in Lebanon, the Sabra and Shatila
- massacre and other unsettling stories."
-
- Other readers placed a different value on Friedman's
- dispatches. His reporting from Lebanon won him a Pulitzer Prize,
- and his subsequent work in Israel won him another. Friedman, 36,
- is the Times's chief diplomatic correspondent in Washington. Freed
- from daily deadlines, he can look back on a period punctuated by
- excitement and narrow escapes. He had not been in Beirut long
- before the apartment house in which he was living was destroyed by
- a bomb; near the end of his stay in Jerusalem, as he was being
- driven to a farewell lunch by his wife, his car windshield was
- shattered by a thrown rock. Such experiences add dizzying moments
- to Friedman's crowded, fascinating memoir.
-
- Among its many virtues, From Beirut to Jerusalem shows why
- messengers from the Middle East who try to remain impartial will
- find many factions eager to throttle them. The place lives and dies
- on faith and mythology; a mere fact is useless, possibly dangerous,
- until it has been modified to fit within a dogma. Most of the
- region's bloodiest episodes during the '80s, the author argues,
- arose from failures to recognize complex realities.
-
- To say that powerful people in the Middle East sometimes behave
- irrationally is to flirt with the obvious. But Friedman buttresses
- this familiar thesis with fresh, arresting details. He chronicles
- the mounting debacle of Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, which
- began with the announced goal of ending the safe haven enjoyed by
- Yasser Arafat and his Palestine Liberation Organization troops. In
- this Israel succeeded. That was almost easy, since a lot of
- Lebanese also wanted to get rid of the P.L.O. The Israeli soldiers
- were welcomed as saviors: "Everywhere you went in Lebanon, Jews
- were getting their pictures taken. This was not a nation at war,
- it was a nation on tour."
-
- But the welcome quickly ran out. Friedman maintains that
- Israel's hidden agenda -- wiping out Palestinian agitation once and
- for all and playing midwife to a friendly or at least neutral
- government in Lebanon -- was the stuff of fantasy. The dispersal
- of their leadership would not stifle Palestinians' aspirations; and
- there was no force in splintered Lebanon capable of uniting the
- country.
-
- Friedman was also on hand at the birth of the intifadeh, the
- stone-throwing rebellion by young Palestinians living in the
- Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Here was David vs.
- Goliath with a vengeance, shown nightly throughout much of the
- world on the evening news. But Friedman argues that the myth --
- stones triumphing over might -- threatens to bury reality. Israel
- will not be brought down by slingshots; tanks and troops will not
- quash resentments. If anything is to be accomplished, a photogenic
- revolution must give way to hard bargaining.
-
- Those who believe in the power of reason to solve disputes will
- find From Beirut to Jerusalem glum reading. Oddly enough, Friedman
- remains optimistic. Amid all the shambles and contradictions of the
- Middle East, he met and worked beside Jews and Arabs who
- passionately want to live together in peace. Their will may be
- thwarted, by habit or history, but no one who reads this book can
- resist rooting for their success.