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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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071089
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07108900.073
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1990-09-17
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BOOKS, Page 62Battling the Myths and DogmaBy Paul Gray
FROM BEIRUT TO JERUSALEM
by Thomas L. Friedman
Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 525 pages; $22.95
Ten years as a journalist in Lebanon and Israel taught Thomas
L. Friedman two important lessons. "First, when it comes to
discussing the Middle East, people go temporarily insane, so if you
are planning to talk to an audience of more than two, you'd better
have mastered the subject. Second, a Jew who wants to make a career
working in or studying about the Middle East will always be a
lonely man: he will never be fully accepted or trusted by the
Arabs, and he will never be fully accepted or trusted by the Jews."
That last clause will raise some eyebrows and hackles, but
Friedman, who has mastered his subject, fully documents its
accuracy. During most of the 1980s he covered the Middle East for
the New York Times, initially as bureau chief in Beirut and then
in the same post in Jerusalem. In Lebanon, Friedman was "the only
full-time American Jewish reporter." In Israel he was not. Solitude
had its comforts, he found. "People assumed that if you were in
Beirut you couldn't possibly be Jewish," he writes. "After all,
what Jew in his right mind would come to Beirut?" But members of
his faith knew what Friedman was, and some were quick to interpret
fact finding as heresy or treason. Why? The author answers, "I had
helped to inform the Jews of New York City of the less-than-heroic
behavior of the Israeli army in Lebanon, the Sabra and Shatila
massacre and other unsettling stories."
Other readers placed a different value on Friedman's
dispatches. His reporting from Lebanon won him a Pulitzer Prize,
and his subsequent work in Israel won him another. Friedman, 36,
is the Times's chief diplomatic correspondent in Washington. Freed
from daily deadlines, he can look back on a period punctuated by
excitement and narrow escapes. He had not been in Beirut long
before the apartment house in which he was living was destroyed by
a bomb; near the end of his stay in Jerusalem, as he was being
driven to a farewell lunch by his wife, his car windshield was
shattered by a thrown rock. Such experiences add dizzying moments
to Friedman's crowded, fascinating memoir.
Among its many virtues, From Beirut to Jerusalem shows why
messengers from the Middle East who try to remain impartial will
find many factions eager to throttle them. The place lives and dies
on faith and mythology; a mere fact is useless, possibly dangerous,
until it has been modified to fit within a dogma. Most of the
region's bloodiest episodes during the '80s, the author argues,
arose from failures to recognize complex realities.
To say that powerful people in the Middle East sometimes behave
irrationally is to flirt with the obvious. But Friedman buttresses
this familiar thesis with fresh, arresting details. He chronicles
the mounting debacle of Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, which
began with the announced goal of ending the safe haven enjoyed by
Yasser Arafat and his Palestine Liberation Organization troops. In
this Israel succeeded. That was almost easy, since a lot of
Lebanese also wanted to get rid of the P.L.O. The Israeli soldiers
were welcomed as saviors: "Everywhere you went in Lebanon, Jews
were getting their pictures taken. This was not a nation at war,
it was a nation on tour."
But the welcome quickly ran out. Friedman maintains that
Israel's hidden agenda -- wiping out Palestinian agitation once and
for all and playing midwife to a friendly or at least neutral
government in Lebanon -- was the stuff of fantasy. The dispersal
of their leadership would not stifle Palestinians' aspirations; and
there was no force in splintered Lebanon capable of uniting the
country.
Friedman was also on hand at the birth of the intifadeh, the
stone-throwing rebellion by young Palestinians living in the
Israeli-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Here was David vs.
Goliath with a vengeance, shown nightly throughout much of the
world on the evening news. But Friedman argues that the myth --
stones triumphing over might -- threatens to bury reality. Israel
will not be brought down by slingshots; tanks and troops will not
quash resentments. If anything is to be accomplished, a photogenic
revolution must give way to hard bargaining.
Those who believe in the power of reason to solve disputes will
find From Beirut to Jerusalem glum reading. Oddly enough, Friedman
remains optimistic. Amid all the shambles and contradictions of the
Middle East, he met and worked beside Jews and Arabs who
passionately want to live together in peace. Their will may be
thwarted, by habit or history, but no one who reads this book can
resist rooting for their success.